BACKGROUND:
Freestanding birth centres (FBC) follow a biopsychosocial model of care, conducted by obstetric nurses and midwives, which can serve as a pathway to addressing obstetric violence (OV). Understanding how different types of violence interact is essential for improving respectful models of care.

OBJECTIVES:
This study aims to estimate the prevalence and explore the interaction between different types of obstetric violence experienced by birthing people who chose FBC to give birth.

METHODS:
Prevalence study with 1,067 women who planned a birth in all 8 Brazilian FBC and answered a questionnaire on obstetric violence four months after birth. This study was approved by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Research Ethics Committee (CAAE 47231021.0.0000.5240; Opinion No. 5.192.349).

RESULTS:
The analysis revealed correlations between different types of obstetric violence, highlighting the association of physical abuse with psychological abuse, stigma, and social discrimination. Women who reported psychological abuse also experienced neglect in care and inappropriate vaginal examinations. Neglect was likewise associated with stigma and social discrimination, which were also linked to the inappropriate performance of vaginal examinations.

CONCLUSIONS:
This is the first study to investigate how different types of obstetric violence interact across FBC in Brazil. The findings suggest that multiple forms of OV often occur simultaneously, particularly in hospital environments following intrapartum transfer.

KEY MESSAGE:
The overall difference between the ones birthing in FBC and the ones birthing in obstetric units after transfer demonstrate the relevance of professional training based on humanistic and biopsychosocial principles, as well as the continuous professional awareness of the impact of intrapartum transfers on OV experience. Spanish - professional development (including three-minute presentation competition)