BACKGROUND:
This paper investigates the historical development of midwifery across cultures and time periods, from the Palaeolithic era to contemporary clinical practice. It highlights how midwifery began as a communal, female-led endeavor rooted in instinct and observational learning, and gradually evolved into a respected, paid profession during the Egyptian and Greco-Roman eras. The paper then traces the regression of female autonomy in midwifery under male-dominated medical systems in later centuries, particularly during the Middle Ages in Europe. The study further explores how midwifery persisted in diverse forms through traditional Chinese medicine and African healing practices, even amid systemic oppression, colonization, and enslavement. In the modern era, midwifery has regained its professional status, now functioning alongside obstetrics as a key component of maternal healthcare. Drawing from both historical records and modern references, the paper underscores the resilience and enduring value of midwives in promoting women's health and reproductive rights.

OBJECTIVES:
To explore the historical origins of midwifery across major civilizations. To examine the socio-cultural factors influencing the evolution of midwifery.

METHODS:
A qualitative historical analysis was conducted, utilizing primary and secondary sources, including books, academic articles, and archival material from reputable institutions such as the WHO. A comparative cultural approach was applied to examine midwifery in different eras and regions, including Africa, Europe, China, and the Americas.

RESULTS:
The research revealed that midwifery has existed globally for millennia, undergoing periods of elevation, suppression, and revival. Despite systemic marginalization, midwives continued to serve vital roles in childbirth and women's health. In modern times, their roles have been professionalized,

CONCLUSIONS:
Midwifery is a resilient and evolving field, deeply embedded in human history. Its journey from ancient community knowledge to a globally recognized healthcare profession reflects broader socio-political shifts .

KEY MESSAGE:
Midwifery’s global historical legacy demonstrates its enduring significance and supports its continued integration into modern maternal healthcare systems. Poster session 1 (Group A)